A study delves into the current state and future perspectives of training and social security schemes for fishermen across the EU
EU Fisheries Policy Undergoes Scrutiny: Training and Social Security Schemes for Fishermen Examined
In a significant move to bolster the social dimension of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), a comprehensive study commissioned by the European Parliament’s Committee on Fisheries (PECH) delves into the current state and future perspectives of training and social security schemes for fishermen across the European Union.
Executive Summary:
The study addresses the mutual recognition of certificates of competency for EU fishermen and the functioning of social security schemes covering them. Recognising the imperative to support the social dimension of the CFP, the study strives to bridge the existing gap in understanding the training and certification systems in place and their mutual recognition among EU Member States.
Mutual Recognition of Fishermen’s Certificates:
The analysis of the mutual recognition of fishermen’s certificates centers on the Professional Qualifications Directive 2005/36/EC and data from the EU Regulated Professions Database. The study reveals that only 10 Member States regulate fishing professions, covering 46 distinct professions that grant access to 78 actual professions. Notably, skipper professions exhibit considerable diversity in qualification requirements, posing challenges to mutual recognition and fishermen’s mobility across the EU.
The study tracks decisions on recognition made between 1997 and 2022 under Directive 2005/36/EC, with 1,740 mobility decisions processed. Spain and Portugal emerge as the frontrunners, accounting for 92% of positive decisions. A surge in positive decisions post the ratification of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel (STCW-F) indicates its influence.
Social Security Schemes for Fishermen:
Examining social security schemes involved an extensive literature review and analysis of the European System of Integrated Social Protection Statistics (ESPROSS). The study identifies around 125,000 fully or partially employed fishermen in the EU, with Spain, Italy, and Greece hosting the majority. In large-scale fishing, where 45% of EU fishermen are engaged, standard employment relationships predominate, following national schemes. Eight Member States implement special laws or regimes for social security in the fishing sector.
Contrastingly, small-scale fisheries, housing nearly 50% of EU fishermen, showcase varied employment relationships. Self-employed fishermen in this sector often remain uncovered for risks such as unemployment, sickness, and occupational accidents. The study highlights notable differences in social security coverage across Member States, influencing the attractiveness of the fishing profession.
Main Results and Recommendations:
The study identifies disparities in training and social security across the EU, emphasising the need for an EU-wide standard for fishermen’s training. This standard aims to enhance mutual recognition, promote mobility, and streamline administrative processes. The study advocates for legislative action, akin to the framework for seafarers’ training, to address these issues and support the growing number of non-EU fishermen.
Regarding social security, the study underscores the need for increased data collection on employment relationships and social security in the small-scale fishing sector. By recognising and addressing these disparities, the EU can contribute to generational renewal and ensure the sustainability and appeal of the fishing profession.
Authored by Milena Arias Schreiber (University of Gothenburg, Sweden), Arne Kinds (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain), and Sebastian Villasante (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain), the study provides a foundational overview for future research and policy considerations within the EU fisheries sector. The findings underscore the intricate dynamics of training and social security within the industry and lay the groundwork for potential reforms to enhance the well-being of fishermen across the European Union.
